STRUCTURAL DETECTION AND DISTINCTION OF TEAR-OUTS
OF CONDUCTIVE PATTERNS OF CIRCUIT BOARDS 

Grigor'ev Aleksey Valer'evich, Candidate of engineering sciences, associate professor, sub-department of radio equipment design and production, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), a_grigorev@mail.ru
Yurkov Nikolay Kondrat'evich, Doctor of engineering sciences, professor, head of sub-department of radio equipment design and production, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), yurkov_nk@mail.ru
Zatylkin Aleksandr Valentinovich, Candidate of engineering sciences, associate professor, sub-department
of radio equipment design and production, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), al.zatylkin@yandex.ru
Danilova Evgeniya Anatol'evna, Senior lecturer, sub-department of radio equipment design and production,
Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), siori@list.ru
Drzhevetskiy Aleksey L'vovich, Candidate of engineering sciences, associate professor, sub-department of radio equipment design and production, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), kipra@pnzgu.ru 

517.958.52 

Background. Tear-outs of conductive patterns of circuit boards and ledges similar to them are the latent (latent) defects of printed-circuit boards. Interest of technologists to such defects is defined by that the knowledge of density and an arrangement of such defects, on condition of distinction of their subclasses, allows to reveal deviations from the set parameters of technological process at early stages of their emergence. The most effective methods of detection of latent technological defects of photo masks and printed-circuit boards are methods of nondestructive visual (optical) control. The purpose of this work is to develop methodological bases of automatic detection and distinction of wide, long and average tear-outs of conductive patterns of circuit boards and similar ledges of such patterns which, in fact, are the same tear-outs of the printed-circuit board base.
Materials and methods. Two problems of control of photo masks and printed-circuit boards are known: control of correctness of connections and access control. Control of correctness of connections reveals such obvious defects of printed-circuit boards, as break and short circuit of printing conductors. Access control reveals not only obvious, but also the latent (latent) defects of printed-circuit boards. The problem of access control of photo masks and printed-circuit boards is to reveal fragments of conductive patterns and the basis of the printed-circuit board in which width of printing conductors is less minimum admissible and in which the distance between printing conductors is less than the minimum admissible.
Results. Methodological bases of detection and distinction of wide, average and long tear-outs of conductive patterns of circuit boards are developed. On the basis of these methodological bases algorithms are developed and the place of these algorithms in the automated system of visual access control of printed- circuit boards is defined.
Conclusions. The stated principles are based on the developed algorithms of detection of latent defects of printed-circuit boards of the following types: average tear-out, long tear-out, wide tear-out. Realization of these algorithms doesn't demand neither the standard, nor the table of connectivity of contacts of a layer of the printed-circuit board. All controlled parameters are set in the form of numerical constants. The system is absolutely invariant to the scale, shift and angle of rotation of the controlled printed-circuit board. 

printed-circuit board, latent defect, optical control, conductive pattern, dielectric base, ledge, tear-out, cavity, rotation, link. 

1. Yurkov N. K. Tekhnologiya radioelektronnykh sredstv: uchebnik [Technology of radio electronic devices: textbook]. Penza: Izd-vo PGU, 2012, 640 p.
2. Yurkov N. K., Trifonenko I. M., Goryachev N. V., Kochegarov I. I. Nadezhnost' i kachestvo: tr. Mezhdunar. simpoz.: v 2-kh t. [Reliability and quality: proceedings of the International symposium: in 2 volumes]. Penza: Izd-vo PGU, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 396–400.
3. Yurkov N. K., Goryachev N. V. Nadezhnost' i kachestvo: tr. Mezhdunar. simpoz.: v 2-kh t. [Reliability and quality: proceedings of the International symposium: in 2 volumes]. Penza: Izd-vo PGU, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 120–122.
4. Yurkov N. K., Kemalov B. K., Perevertov V. P. Nadezhnost' i kachestvo: tr. Mezhdunar. simpoz.: v 2-kh t. [Reliability and quality: proceedings of the International symposium: in 2 volumes]. Penza: Izd-vo PGU, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 192–194.
5. GOST 27.003–90. Nadezhnost' v tekhnike. Sostav i obshchie pravila zadaniya trebovaniy po nadezhnosti. Vved. 1992-01-01 [Reliability in equipment. Contents and general notions of the requirements to reliability. Introduction. 1992.01.01]. Moscow: Standartinform, 2007, 20 p.
6. Ostreykovskiy V. A. Teoriya nadezhnosti: ucheb. dlya vuzov [Reliability requirements: textbook for universities]. Moscow: Vyssh. shk., 2003, 463 p.
7. Patent 1837335 RF, MPK G06K9/00. Device for image selection. Drzhevetskiy A. L., Grigor'ev A. V., Tsarev A. G., Kontishev V. N. no. 4912250; submitted on 19.02.1991; published on 30.08.1993, Bul. no. 32.
8. Grigor'ev A. V, Drzhevetskiy A. L. Nadezhnost' i kachestvo – 2011: tr. Mezhdunar. simpoz.: v 2 t. [Reliability and quality – 2011: proceedings of the International symposium: in 2 volumes]. Penza: Izd-vo PGU, 2011, pp. 310–312.
9. Grigor'ev A. V., Rachkovskaya M. K. Innovatsii na osnove informatsionnykh i kommunikatsionnykh tekhnologiy: materialy Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Innovations on the basis of information and communication technologies: proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference]. Moscow: MIEM NIU VShE, 2012, pp. 162–165.
10. Grigor'ev A. V., Drzhevetskiy A. L., Trusov V. A., Bannov V. Ya., Belov A. G. Molodezh' i nauka. Modernizatsiya i innovatsionnoe razvitie strany: materialy II Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Youth and science. Modernization and innovative development of the country: proceedings of II International scientific and practical conference].
Penza: Izd-vo PGU, 2012, pp. 457–462.
11. Inyutin A. V. Iskusstvennyy intellect [Artificial intelligence]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 228–237.
12. Drzhevetskiy A. L., Grigor'ev A. V. Metrologiya (Prilozhenie k zhurnalu «Izmeritel'naya tekhnika») [Metrology (Appendix to the journal "Measuring equipment")]. 1995, no. 4, pp. 11–18.
13. Patent 1837335 RF, MPK G06K9/00. Device for image selection. Drzhevetskiy A. L., Grigor'ev A. V., Tsarev A. G., Kontishev V. N. no. 4912250; submitted on 19.02.1991; published on 30.08.1993, Bul. no. 32.
14. Certificate of authorship 1608710 USSR, MPK G06K9/00. Device for object image selection. Drzhevetskiy A. L., Abul'khanov R. A. no. 4367848; submitted on 02.12.1987; published on 23.11.1990, Bul. no. 43.
15. GOST 23752–79. Platy pechatnye. Obshchie tekhnicheskie usloviya [Printed boards. General technical specifications]. Moscow: Standartinform, 1979.